YK-EP Centrifugal Chiller with Economizer

JOHNSON CONTROLS
FORM 160.87-EG1 (916)
2
Approvals
• ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code – Section Vlll Division 1
• AHRI Standard 550/590 or 551/591 (When applicable up to 3,000 tons or 10.500 kW)
• UL 1995 – Heating and Cooling Equipment
• ASHRAE 15 – Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration
• ASHRAE Guideline 3 – Reducing Emission of Halogenated Refrigerants in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Equipment and Systems
• N.E.C. – National Electrical Code
• OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Act
Nomenclature

The YORK® YKEP Chiller extends the range of the YORK single-stage centrifugal chiller
product range by providing additional capacity and greater efficiency through an economized
cycle. This is the only product available that uses a second single-stage compressor
to perform half lift in parallel. The advantage of this cycle is greater control flexibility to
move the intermediate pressure to maximize efficiency or extend cooling capacity.
MATCHED COMPONENTS MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY
Actual chiller efficiency cannot be determined by analyzing the theoretical efficiency of
any one chiller component. It requires a specific combination of heat exchanger, compressor,
and motor performance to achieve the lowest system kW/ton. YORK YKEP chiller
technology matches chiller system components to provide maximum chiller efficiency under
actual – not just theoretical – operating conditions.
REAL-WORLD ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Johnson Controls pioneered the term “Real-World Energy” to illustrate the energy-saving
potential of focusing on chiller performance during off-design conditions. Off-design is not
only part load, but full load operation as well, with reduced entering condenser water temperatures
(ECWTs). This is where chillers operate 99% of the time, and where operating
costs add up.
YORK YKEP chillers are designed to operate on a continuous basis with cold ECWTs and
full condenser flow at all load points, taking full advantage of Real-World conditions. This
type of operation benefits the cooling tower as well; reducing cycling of the fan motor and
ensuring good coverage of the cooling tower fill.
YORK YKEP chillers offer the most efficient Real-World operation of any chiller, meaning
lower operating costs and an excellent return on your chiller investment.
OPEN-DRIVE DESIGN
Hermetic motor burnout can cause catastrophic damage to a chiller. The entire chiller
must be cleaned, and the refrigerant replaced. YORK YKEP centrifugal chillers eliminate
this risk by utilizing air-cooled motors. Refrigerant never comes in contact with the motor,
preventing contamination of the rest of the chiller. Insurance companies that offer policies
on large air conditioning equipment often consider air-cooled motors a significant advantage
over hermetic refrigerant-cooled units.
HIGH EFFICIENCY HEAT EXCHANGERS
YKEP chiller heat exchangers offer the latest technology in heat transfer surface design to
give you maximum efficiency and compact design. Waterside and refrigerant side design
enhancements minimize both energy consumption and tube fouling.

SINGLE-STAGE COMPRESSOR DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY PROVEN IN THE MOST
DEMANDING APPLICATIONS
Designed to be the most reliable chillers we’ve ever made, YORK centrifugal chillers
incorporate a single-stage compressor design. With fewer moving parts and straightforward,
efficient engineering, YORK single-stage compressors have proven durability records
in hospitals, chemical plants, gas processing plants, the U.S. Navy, and in other
applications where minimal downtime is a crucial concern.
In thousands of installations worldwide, YORK single-stage compressors are working to
reduce energy costs. High strength aluminum-alloy compressor impellers feature backward
curved vanes for high efficiency. Airfoil shaped pre-rotation vanes minimize flow disruption
for the most efficient part load performance. Precisely positioned and tightly fitted,
they allow the compressor to unload smoothly from 100% to minimum load for excellent
operation in air conditioning applications.
PRECISION CONTROL OF COMPRESSOR OIL PRESSURE
Utilizing our expertise in variable-speed drive technology and applications, Johnson Controls
has moved beyond the fixed head and bypass approach of oil pressure control.
The old approach only assures oil pressure at the outlet of the pump rather than at the
compressor, and allows no adjustment during chiller operation. The YKEP chillers feature
a variable-speed drive oil pump for each compressor, monitoring and providing the right
amount of oil flow to the compressors on a continuous basis. This design also provides
sophisticated electronic monitoring and protection of the oil pump electrical supply, ensuring
long life and reliable operation of the oil pump motor. Variable-speed drive technology
reduces oil pump power consumption, running only at the speed required, rather than at
full head with a pressure regulating bypass valve.
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COLDER COOLING TOWER WATER TEMPERATURES
YORK YKEP centrifugal chillers have been designed to take full advantage of colder cooling
tower water temperatures, which are naturally available during most operating hours.
Considerable energy savings are available by letting tower water temperature drop, rather
than artificially holding it above 75°F (23.9°C), especially at low load, as some chillers
require.
OFF DESIGN PERFORMANCE
Since the vast majority of its operating hours are spent at off design conditions, a chiller should
be chosen not only to meet the full load design, but also for its ability to perform efficiently at
lower loads and lower tower water temperatures. It is not uncommon for chillers with the same
full load kW/ton to have an operating cost difference of over 10% due to part load operation.
Part load information can be easily and accurately generated by use of a computer. And because
it is so important to an owner’s operating budget, this information has now been standardized
within the AHRI Certification Program in the form of an Integrated Part Load Value
(IPLV), and Non Standard Part Load Value (NPLV).
The IPLV/NPLV formulas from AHRI Standard 550/590 much more closely track actual chiller
operations. A more detailed analysis must take into account actual building load profiles, and
local weather data. Part load performance data should be obtained for each job using its own
design criteria.

AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
YORK YKEP chillers have been tested and certified by Air- Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration
Institute (AHRI) in accordance with the latest edition of AHRI Standard 550/590
(I-P) & 551/591 (up to 3,000 tons or 10.550 kW). Under this certification program, chillers are
regularly tested in strict compliance with this standard. This provides an independent, thirdparty
verification of chiller performance. Refer to the AHRI site at: www.ahrinet.org/water_chill
ing+packages+using+vapor+compressioncycle+_water_cooled_.aspx for complete Program
Scope, Inclusions, and Exclusions as some options listed herein fall outside the scope of the
AHRI certification program. For verification of certification, go to the AHRI Directory at www.
ahridirectory.org.
UL COMPLIANCE – YOUR ASSURANCE OF RELIABILITY
YORK YKEP centrifugal chillers are approved to UL Standard 1995 for listing by a qualified
nationally recognized testing laboratory for the United States and Canada. Recognition
of safety and reliability is your assurance of trouble free performance in day-to-day building
operation. Some chiller options or modifications may affect the UL compliance of the chiller.
Some examples include: special motor enclosures (like TEFC, TEWAC, or TEAAC) or special
panels (NEMA 4X) or special unit wiring options (anything other than NEMA 1). For further
clarification, contact your local Johnson Controls Sales Office.
COMPUTERIZED PERFORMANCE RATINGS
Each chiller is custom matched to meet the individual building load and energy requirements.
Several standard heat exchanger tube bundle sizes and pass arrangements are
available to provide the best possible match.
It is not practical to provide tabulated performance for each combination, as the energy
requirements at both full and part load vary significantly with each heat exchanger and
pass arrangement. Computerized ratings, tailored to specific job requirements, are available
through each Johnson Controls Sales Office.

Monitoring stations showed that ozone-depleting chemicals were steadily increasing in
the atmosphere. These trends were linked to growing production and use of chemicals
like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing, and
industrial cleaning. Measurements in the laboratory and the atmosphere characterized
the chemical reactions that were involved in ozone destruction. Computer models employing
this information could predict how much ozone depletion was occurring and how
much more could occur in the future.
Observations of the ozone layer showed that depletion was indeed occurring. The most
severe and most surprising ozone loss was discovered to be recurring in springtime over
Antarctica. The loss in this region is commonly called the “ozone hole” because the ozone
depletion is so large and localized. A thinning of the ozone layer also has been observed
over other regions of the globe, such as the Arctic and northern middle latitudes. The work
of many scientists throughout the world has provided a basis for building a broad and
solid scientific understanding of the ozone depletion process. With this understanding,
we know that ozone depletion is occurring and why. And, most importantly, we know that
if ozone-depleting gases were to continue to accumulate in the atmosphere, the result
would be more depletion of the ozone layer. In response to the prospect of increasing
ozone depletion, the governments of the world crafted the 1987 United Nations Montreal
Protocol as a global means to address this global issue. As a result of the broad compliance
with the Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments and, of great significance,
industry’s development of “ozone friendly” substitutes for the now-controlled chemicals,
the total global accumulation of ozone-depleting gases has slowed and begun to decrease.
This has reduced the risk of further ozone depletion.
THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ADDRESSED CFC’S AND HCFC’S
The Montreal Protocol (MP) addressed CFC’s and HCFC’s with phase out schedule for
all member parties of the MP based on the ODP characteristics. So this affects the first
two categories of refrigerants listed in the table. Manufacturers in developed nations are in
the final processes of converting from HCFC’s to HFC’s in accordance with the Montreal
Protocol treaty. Markets in developing countries are already seeing a transition away from
HCFC’s ahead of legislative requirements.
HCFC’s were used as a transitional refrigerant as they were a “Lesser Evil” and allowed
the HVAC industry to quickly transition away from CFCs while maintaining energy efficiency.
The fact remains that they destroy the ozone layer and are legislated to be completely
phased out.
The Montreal Protocol does not extend to HFC’s as they have no ODP nor does it extend
to natural refrigerants for the same reason.

Qinhao Zhan

HVAC&R Engineer

Refrigeration and Process Systems

China Refrigeration (York by Johnson Controls)

Mobile:+86 13818154378  18625150627

QQ:    826554493

862417098

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